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Common Cancers in Men

Almost everyone knows that heart disease is a major health threat to men, but some may forget that cancer is almost as deadly. Cancer is the second most common cause of death among men, ranking only behind heart disease. The good news is that the incidence of cancer in men has been declining, most likely due to prevention techniques and better screening for the disease.

The most common types of cancer in men are prostate, lung, colon, bladder and skin cancer (melanoma). While more men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, lung cancer takes more lives. This is because lung cancer tends to be a more aggressive type of cancer while prostate cancer is usually slow growing. The good news is that most cancers are curable if detected early enough and many cancers can be prevented.

The most important preventive strategy among men has been smoking cessation. This has led to a significant decline in lung and other types of tobacco-related cancer. Other prevention techniques include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising often and eating a diet that is low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables. With two thirds of cancer deaths in the United States associated with smoking, obesity, poor diet and lack of physical activity, it is clear that making lifestyle changes can have a significant impact on cancer risk.

It is also important for men to know their genetic risk factors for cancer. Four out of the five most common cancers in men have genetic links: prostate cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma. Knowing your family history will help you and your doctor develop a customized screening and prevention plan.

All men should have a regular cancer-related check-up every few years. Those at high risk may undergo certain screening procedures earlier and more frequently. Specialized screening procedures may include genetic testing, laboratory tests and internal examinations, such as a colonoscopy. Testing for prostate cancer, which involves a digital rectal examination and a blood test for prostate specific antigen (PSA), has become somewhat controversial in the past few years. Research has not yet shown that early detection of prostate cancer improves survival. Currently, the decision to undergo prostate cancer screening is left up to the individual and his doctor.